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The Strategic Position of Eastern Galicia within the West Ukrainian Republic
Pastuščak, Alan ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on a partial episode of international and diplomatic relations of one of the short-lived successor states of Austria-Hungary - the West Ukrainian Republic. When, in the fall of 1918, war broke out between Poland and the West Ukrainian Republic over which side would have a permanent claim to Eastern Galicia, France and Great Britain made repeated efforts to settle the disputes between the two states, but in the end the sovereignty of the West Ukrainian Republic was not preserved. The aim of the thesis is to determine the reasons why the West Ukrainian Republic as a geopolitical entity did not receive sufficient foreign support to ensure its existence and independence in the fight against Poland. For the research purposes of the work, a combination of several historiographical methodological procedures was used, such as direct, indirect, or progressive. The purpose of this procedure is a clear chronological description of key events, such as diplomatic missions, meetings of delegations, or the work of commissions preparing key documents. The work came to the conclusion that the West Ukrainian Republic collapsed mainly because of stubbornness on the part of its politicians, specifically in the case of the decision not to accept Barthélemy's demarcation line. After the...
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Analysis of the Causes and Nature of Ethnic Conflicts
Kohout, Jan ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze factors responsible for onset of ethnic conflicts and selected characteristics. By comparing to non-ethnic conflicts it was determined, if there are any differences in onset mechanisms of these two types of conflicts and thus if there is a space for explanatory role of ethnicity as a cause of ethnic conflicts. Selection of examined factors is congruent with the relevant literature and existing analyses and reflects the context of contemporary conflict research. The influence of male unemployment rate, level of Human development index and its inequality-adjusted version, human rights and finally the influence of conflicts in neighbouring countries on the onset of conflict is tested by statistical methods in component analyses. Also the intensity of ethnic and non-ethnic conflicts, war years and HDI are also compared. The comparative style of the research helps to understand the true nature of causes of intrastate conflicts and indicates, that there is no difference between the two types. Empirical character of this thesis is also the reason for assessing it within the context of other quantitative studies of conflict, comparing the results and defining the proper level of analysis for reaching tangible contributions.
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Seeking Reconciliation between Georgia and Abkhazia: The Bottom-Up Approach since 2008
Salát, Patrik ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the reconciliation process between Georgia and Abkhazia after 2008. It focuses on the bottom-up approach to reconciliation and its potential for the transformation of protracted and unresolved conflict. As bilateral negotiations at the political level between Georgia and Abkhazia have been stuck since 2006, this approach may be the only tool to disrupt the current status quo. Nevertheless, the research results show that this potential is quite limited in Georgia. The current discourse about the conflict that supports the status quo is related to ethnic identity and is also supported internationally. Middle-range leaders who are a significant part of the civil peace process between Georgia and Abkhazia have attempted to disrupt this discourse. Still, even their willingness to compromise is limited by a myth-symbol complex. Moreover, participants in peace projects are not homogeneous groups that aim to disrupt the current discourse. The research results show that reconciliation outside the state level has contributed at least to the preservation of negative peace because its participants mostly avoid stereotypes, do not feel negative emotions towards the other side, and reject violence as a tool for conflict resolution.
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Seeking Reconciliation between Georgia and Abkhazia: The Bottom-Up Approach since 2008
Salát, Patrik ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the reconciliation process between Georgia and Abkhazia after 2008. It focuses on the bottom-up approach to reconciliation and its potential for the transformation of protracted and unresolved conflict. As bilateral negotiations at the political level between Georgia and Abkhazia have been stuck since 2006, this approach may be the only tool to disrupt the current status quo. Nevertheless, the research results show that this potential is quite limited in Georgia. The current discourse about the conflict that supports the status quo is related to ethnic identity and is also supported internationally. Middle-range leaders who are a significant part of the civil peace process between Georgia and Abkhazia have attempted to disrupt this discourse. Still, even their willingness to compromise is limited by a myth-symbol complex. Moreover, participants in peace projects are not homogeneous groups that aim to disrupt the current discourse. The research results show that reconciliation outside the state level has contributed at least to the preservation of negative peace because its participants mostly avoid stereotypes, do not feel negative emotions towards the other side, and reject violence as a tool for conflict resolution.
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Collective memory and Nigerian Civil War in Nigerian diaspora in Dublin
Ojo Omorodion, Nick ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
1 Annotation The topic of this thesis is the collective memory of the Nigerian Civil War among people living in the Nigerian diaspora in the Irish capital Dublin. The author examines in a sample of 19 people of Nigerian descend how respondents form their individual memories within a broader collective memory in the diaspora. Respondents are divided into groups based on two parameters. The first is their ethnic-regional origin in Nigeria and the second is whether they belong to the first or second generation of immigrants in Ireland. Primary data is collected by using the structured interview method with open-ended questions. The method of comparative qualitative content analysis is used to process the data. All the while the author considers the two levels of distinction in the respondent groups. The thesis is theoretically based on theories of memory, specifically collective memory. Furthermore, the concept of the diaspora outlines the topic theoretically as well. The aim of the work is to find out what factors influence the formation of individual memories and how the collective memories of groups of respondents differ based on the above-mentioned division. The secondary objectives of the thesis are the characterization of the Nigerian diaspora in Dublin and the issue of self-identity of the first and...
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The Historical Roots of the Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh
Hladík, Jan ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šatava, Leoš (referee)
The Historical Causes of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict The following bachelor thesis covers the historical development of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The main goal is to analyse the question of the area changes that have occured in the Caucasus during centuries and also to show the influnce of policy of three main empires - Russian, Ottoman and Persian. The text is also trying to outline the ethnic and religious factors and clarify a relation of Christian Armenians and Shi'a Muslim Azeris in the Transcaucasus. The problem of coexistence between Armenian Christians and surrounding Muslim majority - not only Azeris on the east but also Turks and Kurds, is crucial for understanding of situation in the region.
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Value of Territory: A Critical View on Natural Resources Being a Cause of Ethnic Conflict
Okonkwo Gattuso, Nicole ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Nicole Okonkwo Gattuso Diploma Thesis Abstract Abstract Keywords: Value of Territory, Natural Resources, Niger Delta Region, Ethnic Conflict, Separatist movements, Biafra. This study deals with the ethnic conflict in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether the valued territory of the Niger Delta region is the cause of the ethnic conflict in the country. Moreover, the geographical south-east region of Nigeria is trying to separate itself from the rest of the federation because the Igbo population inhabiting this region claims they are being marginalised in the country. However, if the south-east region, called also Biafra, becomes the Biafran Republic it is highly probable that the south-south is going to separate along. The federal government is not satisfied with the fact, as 80% of the federal revenue comes from the Niger Delta region and they do not want to loose it. Therefore, my findings show that if the movement for the secession of Biafra is going to be crushed down by force, the movement will radicalise and get stronger with the intensified dissatisfaction of the local population. The local population of these two geographical regions created many movements which are fighting not only the federal government but also the multination corporation...
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Conflict Dynamics in the Power-sharing Postconflict States
Podhorský, Vojtěch ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Power-sharing has become a frequent approach to conflict resolution and postconflict reconstruction in deeply divided multi-ethnic states. Although most of the power-sharing arrangements failed within the first years after their establishment, a few contemporary cases are associated with successful power-sharing, namely with the consociational model. This work aims to determine the impact of the power-sharing arrangement on conflict dynamics and vice versa, thus the development of the model in the long term. Designs, aims and theoretical predictions of two power-sharing models, specifically consociational and centripetal models, are elaborated and subsequently compared with the after-civil war development in Lebanon and Burundi from 2005 to 2019. The periods are divided into time units bounded by amendments of the power-sharing arrangements and peace agreements. That enables to observe the development of both conflict dynamics and models. Political and civil society developments, conflicts registered in the UCDP database and political crisis are considered and put into the context of power-sharing arrangements. Based on the results, I claim that conflict dynamics from the last civil war are maintained on elites' level in the long term, while the gap between elites and masses has widened. Also, the...
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The US approach towards Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of the Dayton Peace Agreement
Vokálová, Daniela ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The Bosnian war that took place from 1992-1995 was one of the most cruel war conflict in modern history. There was engaged international alliance with pivotal role of United States in it. Despite the fact that the United States was quite reluctant to be significantly engaged in conflict, in the end it was just United States that was the most significant international participant as Americans persuaded all aggressors to sign Dayton Peace Agreement. This thesis analyzes the development of American diplomacy and its attitude towards situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BaH). The primary source of analyze will be declassified sources "National Security Documents" that are published in Clinton Digital Library. The aim of this thesis is to get to know the way how American diplomacy influenced the dynamics of conflict, how the US participated in it and how American diplomacy led international community and the parties of the conflict toward the end of the war - Dayton Accords. Time frame of this thesis is period from 1991-1995, whereas the fundamental part of thesis works with period of 1993-1995. Keywords Clinton, Bush senior, BaH, conflict, diplomacy, Dayton Accords
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International mediation as a tool for ethnic conflict resolution in Africa
Láníková, Hana ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with mediation as an instrument for ethnic conflict resolution in Africa. The author determined the feasibility and effectiveness of mediation as a tool for solving the ethnic conflict in Africa as the research topic of this thesis. The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide an evaluation of the current international legal regulation of mediation, of its sufficiency and integrity. Furthermore, the author aims to provide a comprehensive and complex view of the use of mediation in ethnic conflict resolution in Africa through an interdisciplinary analysis of the academic literature, both from Czech and foreign sources. The author sees her personal contribution by writing this thesis in the fact that in the Czech Republic the issue of mediation as a tool for ethnic conflict resolution has not been systematically researched yet. This diploma thesis is divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided into subchapters. The introductory chapter of this thesis describes a theoretical introduction to the issue of ethnicity and its legal regulation. Furthermore, the author deals with the origins of ethnic conflicts. The second chapter deals with the legal framework for international settlement of conflicts. This chapter also discusses in detail the various possible ways of...
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